Association of Various Factors and HIV Infection in Pregnancy: A Clinico- Epidemiological Review
Renata Alves Carvalho
*
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Nos Trópicos, PPGSAPT da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Adelmo Barbosa de Miranda Júnior
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Nos Trópicos, PPGSAPT da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Ana Cristina Mendanha Sampaio
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Nos Trópicos, PPGSAPT da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Marco Aurélio Miranda Soares
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Nos Trópicos, PPGSAPT da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Fabiana de Andrade Bringel
Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Domenica Palomaris Mariano de Souza
Tutor do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET Ciências Naturais) – FNDE/SESU/MEC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática – PPGECIM da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Katyane de Sousa Almeida
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Nos Trópicos, PPGSAPT da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
Wagner dos Santos Mariano
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Nos Trópicos, PPGSAPT da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins – UFNT, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
HIV infection among pregnant women has been on the rise, demanding efforts to prevent vertical transmission. This study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women treated at the Hospital of Tropical Diseases of the Federal University of Tocantins between 2015 and 2019. Out of the 85 pregnant women analyzed, the majority were between 26 and 34 years old, with 37.64% completing high school. Most resided in Tocantins and had stable partners, with 44.11% unaware of their serological status. Women aged ≥25 years showed lower viral load detection. The majority already had HIV before prenatal care, but only 45.88% started follow-up in the first trimester. Treatment adherence was high, but 14.10% dropped out. The analysis highlighted the need for specific strategies for young pregnant women, emphasizing the importance of prenatal exams for early diagnosis and immediate treatment initiation, reducing vertical transmission. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was crucial, although cases of dropout underscored the need for emotional support. The results reinforce the importance of health policies tailored to the needs of HIV-positive pregnant women, aiming to ensure a holistic and effective approach to this vulnerable population.
Keywords: Pregnant women, vertical transmission, human immunodeficiency virus